A study of teaching automation for marine engineers

This dissertation is a research into a study of teaching automation for marine engineers which is conducted at the Institute of Marine Technology (IMT)of the Union of Myanmar as related to the Fundamentals of Automation, Instrumentation and Control systems, module 9 of IMO model course 7.02. This course is now included in the mandatory part of STCW Code A of the revised STCW Convention. An examination is made of the fundamentals of ship automation and a brief overview is given of the modem developments in ship automation system. This includes modem developments in main engine automation, navigation/ bridge control, integrated control ship, condition monitoring systems and programmable controller. The author has attempted to analyse the present syllabus on Automation, Instrumentation and Control Systems ( AICS ) course conducted at IMT and related subjects conducted in recent education and training schemes for marine engineers in Myanmar. Comparisons of the IMO model course and IMT’s AICS course are presented emphasising entry standards, subject outline and detailed teaching syllabus. Then the author proposes ways and means to improve the course to meet the requirements of the IMO model course. The author also suggests the promotion of some related subjects to support the AICS course by using teaching aids and some courses which are recently available in IMT. The modem developments in ship automation are very rapid and dramatic. In this regard, a brief syllabus for the near future is also proposed to cope with modem developments. A number of recommendations are also made to harmonise with the course to be promoted

Spatial distribution, work patterns, and perception towards malaria interventions among temporary mobile/migrant workers in artemisinin resistance containment zone

BACKGROUND: Mobile populations are at a high risk of malaria infection and suspected to carry and spread resistant parasites. The Myanmar National Malaria Control Programme focuses on preventive interventions and vector control measures for the temporary mobile/migrant workers in Myanmar Artemisinin Resistance Containment Zones. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012 in Kawthaung and Bokepyin townships of Tanintharyi Region, Myanmar, covering 192 mobile/migrant aggregates. The objectives were to identify the spatial distribution of the mobile/migrant populations, and to assess knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and practices concerning malaria prevention and control, and their preferred methods of interventions. The structure of the192 migrant aggregates was investigated using a migrant mapping tool. Individual and household information was collected by structured interviews of 408 respondents from 39 aggregates, supplemented by 12 in-depth interviews of health care providers, authorities, volunteers, and employers. Data were analyzed by triangulating quantitative and qualitative data. RESULTS: The primary reasons for the limitation in access to formal health services for suspected malaria within 24 hours were identified to be scattered distribution of migrant aggregates, variable working hours and the lack of transportation. Only 19.6% of respondents reported working at night from dusk to dawn. Among study populations, 73% reported a perceived risk of contracting malaria and 60% reported to know how to confirm a suspected case of malaria. Moreover, only 15% was able to cite correct antimalarial drugs, and less than 10% believed that non-compliance with antimalarial treatment may be related to the risk of drug resistance. About 50% of study population reported to seeking health care from the public sector, and to sleep under ITNs/LLINs the night before the survey. There was a gap in willingness to buy ITNs/LLINs and affordability (88.5% vs. 60.2%) which may affect their sustained and consistent use. Only 32.4% across all aggregates realized the importance of community participation in effective malaria prevention and control. CONCLUSIONS: Community-based innovative approaches through strong collaboration and coordination of multi-stakeholders are desirable for relaying information on ITNs/LLINs, rapid diagnostic test, and artemisinin combination therapy and drug resistance successfully across the social and economic diversity of mobile/migrant aggregates in Myanmar

Selecting the Honeywords from Existing User’s Passwords Using Improved Hashing and Salting Algorithm

Nowadays, hashing passwords become the most essential tool for various web applications for making login process. However, password hashing takes many times for processing and it has become easier for attackers to crack hashing passwords from legitimate users by using brute force attack. Brute force attack is one of the dangerous attacks for password hashing techniques. Therefore, the legitimate user accounts are stored the passwords with honeywords using honeywords generation algorithm in order to prevent from brute force attack. Honeywords generation method is to produce the fake or decoy password for deceiving the attackers. However, the existing honeywords generation algorithm meets the storage overhead problem. So, we are implementing the improved honeywords generation method which decreases the storage overhead problem and also it addresses the majority of the drawbacks of existing honeywords generation methods. Moreover, we store the password and honeywords into the database using a unique hashing algorithm with very low time complexity as most of the steps involved simple binary operations

Fatigue Analysis of Simple and Advanced Hoop Pelton Turbine Buckets

The Pelton impulse turbine, which is the most effective turbine that was invented by Lester Pelton, has good operation performance in high hydraulic head and low flow rates. The water from the jet strikes the bucket splitter ridge and induce the forces to propel the runner for producing mechanical energy from velocity head. This jet forces produce the main fatigue load that repeats the load cycles during the operation to occur the stresses on the bucket to become fatigue. This paper focus on the fatigue analysis of the Pelton turbine bucket by numerical approach that shows the results of life cycles, damage, Von Mises stress, and mean biaxiality ratio to estimate the better design and operating performance of the Pelton turbine bucket with minimum corrosion and failures. Solid Works 3D Cad software is used for modelling two different shapes of Pelton buckets that are simple, and advanced hoop buckets and ANSYS 16.2 nCode design life simulation software is used for analyzing fatigue with the finite element method. Stainless steel, aluminum alloy, and cast iron are considered for bucket materials to compare better results for turbine.

Anti-hyperglycemic Activity in Vitro, Actuate Toxicity in Vivo and Antioxidant Activity of the Crude Extract of the Root of Plumeria alba L.

Medicinal plants are the single most productive sources for the development of drugs and play an important role in treating and preventing a variety of diseases through the world.  Plumeria alba Linn. commonly known as Tayoke-sakar-aphyu in Myanmar is one of the medicinal plants belonging to Apocynaceae family. The pharmacological studies were carried out to investigate antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, anti-hyperglycemic activity in vitro and acute toxicity in vivo. The main aim of the present research is to evaluate the biological activities of the root of Plumeria alba L, Firstly, phytochemical screening of the collected sample was performed. Elemental composition of the crude sample was examined by EDXRF (Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence) spectroscopy. Moreover three different solvents such as ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts of the sample were examined for their antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumilus, Candida albicans and E. coli by Agar- well diffusion method. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of the root of Plumeria alba L. was studied by DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrayl) assay. The acute toxicity of ethanol extract of the root of Plumeria alba L. on Artemia salinna were investigated. The glucose lowering activities of the water and ethanol extracts of the sample were determined by iodometric titration

ACUTE FATTY LIVER IN PREGNANCY

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) is an obstetric emergency and life threatening condition of the pregnancy. It affects during last trimester of pregnancy and occasionally occurs in postpartum period. It is presented with malaise, nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain followed by jaundice. Laboratory tests usually derange liver and renal functions with coagulopathy. The incidence of AFLP is approximately 1 in 15,000 pregnancies. We reported the case of a 34-year-old patient, with multiple pregnancy at 35 weeks of gestation presented with dizziness, headache and dyspepsia aggravated by lying down and noted jaundice during operation. She had postpartum haemorrhage after the operation due to coagulopathy and her laboratory investigations findings favoured to diagnosis as AFLP and treated with supportive management at intensive care unit (ICU). Therefore obstetrician must be aware of one of this hepatic problem in pregnant women at latetrimester

Endosseous dental implant fractures an analysis of 21 cases

Implant fracture is an infrequent cause of implant failure. The present study evaluates 21 fractured implants, with an analysis of patient age and sex, the type, length and diameter of the implant, positioning in the dental arch, the type of prosthetic rehabilitation involved, the number of abutments and pontics, the presence or absence of distal extensions or cantilevers, and loading time to fracture. Implant fracture was more common in males than in females (15:4), and the mean patient age was 56.9 years. Most cases (n = 19) corresponded to implant-supported fixed prostheses - 16 with cantilevers of different lengths ? while only two fractured implants were supporting overdentures instead of fixed prostheses. The great majority of fractured implants (80.9%) were located in the molar and premolar regions, and most fractured within 3-4 years after loading. It is important to know and apply the measures required to prevent implant fracture, and to seek the best individualized solution for each case - though complete implant removal is usually the treatment of choice

Statistical Machine Translation between Myanmar Sign Language and Myanmar Written Text

This paper contributes the first evaluation of the quality of automatic translation between Myanmar sign language (MSL) and Myanmar written text, in both directions. Our developing MSL-Myanmar parallel corpus was used for translations and the experiments were carried out using three different statistical machine translation (SMT) approaches: phrase-based, hierarchical phrase-based, and the operation sequence model. In addition, three different segmentation schemes were studies, these were syllable segmentation, word segmentation and sign unit based word segmentation. The results show that the highest quality machine translation was attained with syllable segmentations for both MSL and Myanmar written text